Tilt mapping for zigzag-shaped concrete panel in retaining structure using terrestrial laser scanning

Abstract Traditional monitoring systems are not able to monitor the global behavior of large retaining structures, and terrestrial laser scanning was performed for a structure this paper. The three-dimensional point cloud obtained by at seven locations with reference targets cover having 180 m length 25 high. To evaluate long-term structure, clouds performing eight same over 4 years were compared each other. In paper, tilt mapping method applied define entire structure. P2P-TA (Plane-to-Plane-Tilt Angle) comparison used calculate angle comparing normal vectors planes created clouds, because simple methods be compare points zigzag-shaped concrete panels. A laboratory test conducted determine applicability analysis, error range conservatively set 0.15°. results analysis 231 panels shown in differential significantly increased every year bottom panel adjacent tunnel. It can seen that affects angles others, it is linked other